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ARTICLES

 
   
EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE
LATEST RESEARCH RESULTS
JANUARY 2004
 
   

Table 1

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

1.

 Acceptance of others

-

x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x

2.

 Level of anger

0.22

*

-

x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x

3.

 Level of assertiveness

0.35

**

0.0

-

x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x

4.

 Conflict management

0.45

**

0.16

0.24

*

-

x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x

5.

 Offering emotional support

0.27

**

0.14

0.22

*

0.09

-

x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x

6.

 Frustration tolerance

0.11

0.33

**

0.16

0.04

0.14

-

x
x
x
x
x
x
x

7.

 Listening Skills

0.22

*

0.14

0.19

0.11

0.58

**

0.11

-

x
x
x
x
x
x

8.

 Level of self-acceptance

0.56

**

0.35

**

0.50

**

0.36

**

0.21

*

0.14

0.16

-

x
x
x
x
x

9.

 Discrepancy between Self and Ideal Self

0.11

0.15

0.23

*

0.05

0.15

0.26

**

0.16

0.28

**

-

x
x
x
x

10.

 Self-Insight

0.22

*

0.23

*

0.15

0.08

0.13

0.17

0.0

0.18

0.40

**

-

x
x
x

11.

 Locus of control

0.31

**

0.37

**

0.16

0.37

**

0.13

0.23

*

0.01

0.65

**

0.15

0.22

*

-

x
x

12.

 Level of stress

0.31

**

0.33

**

0.24

*

0.23

*

0.21

*

0.18

0.28

**

0.55

**

0.20

0.27

**

0.36

**

-

x

13.

 Value integration

0.28

**

0.26

*

0.25

*

0.16

0.23

*

0.24

*

0.18

0.42

**

0.46

**

0.34

**

0.25

*

0.37

**

-

* Significant relationship

** Very significant relationship




   

TABLE 1
INTERRELATIONS BETWEEN DIMENSIONS OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE

 
   

Based on a sample of 92 course delegates, the most important dimensions of Emotional Intelligence were correlated. The results can be seen in Table 1. Some of the most significant relationships will be discussed briefly.

The two most important dimensions of EI are SELF-IMAGE and LOCUS OF CONTROL.
 
   
SELF-IMAGE
 
   

(Level of acceptance) showed a very significant relationship (1% level of significance) with the following:

  1. ACCEPTANCE OF OTHERS : This indicates that if one can accept oneself unconditionally, you will be more positive towards and accepting of other people. Conversely, if you feel insecure and lack self-confidence, you will be inclined to be critical, negative and distrusting towards others.
  2. ANGER: Someone who exhibits a negative self-image experiences higher level of anger.
  3. ASSERTIVENESS: A negative self-image is significantly related to submissive and more passive behaviour.
  4. CONFLICT MANAGEMENT : People with a negative self-image do not cope effectively with conflict situations and tend to either avoid conflict or accommodate others during disputes.
  5. OFFERING EMOTIONAL SUPPORT: Candidates with a negative self-image find it difficult and are reluctant to offer emotional support to others.
  6. SELF-IDEAL SELF: People, who exhibit a negative self-image, show a very significant discrepancy between their present self-image and their ideal self. This is due to the fact that they are too critical towards themselves and at the same time are inclined to set unrealistic goals and ideals for themselves.
  7. LOCUS OF CONTROL: A negative self-image is strongly associated with an external locus of control. Individuals who feel insecure are motivated by factors such as status, money and the approval of others. They may find it difficult to function independently and would seldom show initiative or act in a pro-active manner.
  8. STRESS LEVEL: A negative self-image is strongly associated with high levels of stress and an inability to cope effectively with environmental pressures.
  9. VALUE INTEGRATION: People with a negative self-image usually experience significant frustration and conflict due to the fact that some of their basic values, needs and priorities are not being satisfied.
  
   
LOCUS OF CONTROL
 
   

Individuals who are predominantly motivated by internal factors such as the need for achievement and the need for personal growth:

  1. Exhibit a positive attitude towards others
  2. Have less anger
  3. Deal more constructively with conflict situations
  4. Have a higher level of frustration tolerance and are therefore more patient
  5. Are more self-confident
  6. Exhibit better self-insight
  7. Have lower levels of stress
  8. Live according to their basic values
  
   
LEVEL OF ANGER
 
   

Individuals who showed high levels of anger:

  1. Become irritable and frustrated very easily (low frustration tolerance) and may be inclined to overreact to provocative situations
  2. Find it difficult to accept themselves unconditionally
  3. Lack self-insight
  4. Have an external locus of control and are very dependent on the opinions and approval of others
  5. Experience above average levels of stress
  6. Are frustrated because some of their basic values and priorities have not been satisfied
 
   
LEVEL OF STRESS
 
   

Individuals with high stress levels:

  1. Exhibits a critical nature and tend to experience more friction and conflict on an interpersonal level
  2. Experience high levels of anger
  3. Show a moderate lack of assertiveness
  4. Either try to avoid conflict or to accommodate others during a conflict situation
  5. Do not succeed in offering emotional support to others
  6. Have poor listening skills
  7. Exhibit poor self-insight
  8. Are pre-dominantly motivated by external factors
  9. Experience insignificant frustration sue to the fact that some of their basic needs, priorities and values are not met
 
   
LISTENING SKILLS
 
   

Individuals who exhibit poor listening skills:

  1. Do not maintain positive interpersonal relationships
  2. Are reluctant and unable to offer emotional support to others
  3. Experience significant stress
 
   
ASSERTIVENESS
 
   

Individuals who lack assertiveness:

  1. Find it difficult to deal constructively with conflict situations
  2. Exhibit a negative self-image
  3. Have difficulty in offering emotional support to others
  4. Tend to set unrealistic goals and ideals for themselves
  5. Experience significant stress
  6. Do no succeed in satisfying their basic needs, priorities and values
 
   
CONFLICT MANAGEMENT
 
   

Individuals who have not yet mastered the art of conflict management (win-win approach):

  1. Do not initiate or maintain positive interpersonal relations
  2. Lack assertiveness
  3. Exhibit a negative self-image
  4. Are pre-dominantly motivated by external factors
  5. Experience significant stress